Music and Color which ones positively affect men and women, which ones Essay

Music and Color which ones emphatically influence people, which ones adversely influence them - Essay Example In any case, there are right now no books on this point, and teachers and guardians are regularly compelled to depend on news reports and sites that occasionally present the data in a one-sided and crude style. Thus, there is a lot of disarray about the advantages of music tuning in and guidance. Music has been touted to fix spinal pain, asthma, weight, writer’s square, liquor addiction, schizophrenia, partiality, coronary illness, illicit drug use, cerebral pains, and AIDS. Cases have been made that music makes bread rise better and improves the flavor of brew. In Florida it’s now the law that all childcare offices accepting state help incorporate in any event 30 minutes of music introduction consistently. The governors of both Tennessee and Georgia give infants in their states old style music CDs. An Indiana obstetrician even markets a gadget that controls music in-utero. Unmistakably, a large portion of these cases are unverified, regardless of the (normally) well me aning goals of their supporters. Lamentably, the overstated cases that have regularly went with the exploration have made a few academicians be incredulous of any examination proposing the advantages of music. In spite of the fact that music is significant in its own right, a book that methodicallly surveys what is thought about the intensity of music to impact non-melodic spaces is essential for researchers and laypeople alike’.(Sabattical , 2 ) ‘Color passes on implications in two essential manners - regular affiliations and mental imagery. No, it’s wouldn't fret control. The reality of the situation is that individuals are agreeable when hues help them to remember comparable things. For instance, a delicate shade of blue triggers relationship with the sky and a mental feeling of quiet. Fruitful structure requires a familiarity with how and why hues impart meaning. The wellspring of these implications can be very obvious, for example, those found in nature †red is the shade of bursting fire

Characters in your answer Essay Example for Free

Characters in your answer Essay Closer the finish of the book, he manages another circumstance he faces in an immature, thoughtless way, indicating that he simply needs it over with at the earliest opportunity, and that he doesnt truly care about what's going on, pretty much himself and his notoriety. TJ is going to be held tight Granger Land, by the nightmen for shooting Jim Lee Barnett, and as opposed to preventing them from killing TJ, Mr Granger basically says they need to do it on somebody elses land. Mr. Granger sent word by me that he aint going to represent no holding tight his place. He state you all touch one hair on that young men head while he on this land, hes going to consider each man here dependable. Anyway in the end Harlan Granger stops the hanging, to manage an alternate trouble that he is confronted with, however his lone genuine thought processes in this are on the grounds that the Logan land is ablaze and right off the bat he needs the land, and besides he doesnt need the fire to spread and decimate his own property. Dry as that timber seems to be, a fire get hold it wont fizzle out for seven days. Give that kid to Wade like he needs and jump on up there! All things considered, Harlan Grangers methods of managing challenges and circumstances that he is confronted with are not all around considered, and he just arrangements with them out of self-centeredness, or for his own reasons instead of to help other people. Daddy is a grown-up like Harlan Granger, yet he also has various methods of managing challenges and circumstances that he is confronted with. Daddy manages things he increasingly sensible way. He shows braveness, and magnanimity all through the novel, managing things such that will profit others more than himself, if not exclusively for other people. Toward the finish of the book, when TJ is in a tough situation, Papa gives the best indications of doing everything he can to help other people. Despite the fact that the Logans are not wealthy, Papa burns down their cotton field, so as to occupy the nightmen from hanging TJ, in light of the fact that he realizes that they will come and attempt to put it out. This outcomes in joining the network. Daddy gazed out as an electrical jolt fragmented the night into an astonishing brightness. He is smart, since like Cassie, he designs the circumstance before he proceeds with it, turning out to be the means by which he can make the fire look coincidental, understanding that the lightning could have struck. He doesnt advise a spirit or admit to it, with the goal that no damage can come to him. people thinkin that lightning struck that fence of yours and lit the fire Its better, I believe that you avoid this now David Or someone may light pondering about that fire For his last trouble, Papa is confronted with his four youngsters soliciting what will become from their companion, TJ. He doesnt lie to them, but then he doesnt straightforwardly answer their inquiry when they pose if TJ could pass on, so he isn't harming them however they despite everything know. I aint never misled you all, you all realize that. Indeed, I wish I could deceive you all at this point. To summarize Papas character, he is a lot of like his girl, computing, sharp, and arranging everything, except he is a lot more shrewd, and doesnt act silly. His activities generally bring about helping others, they once in a while hurt individuals superfluously. He is not at all like Harlan Granger, since he doesnt have his own private plan. Show review just The above see is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor area.

Empirically Supported Treatments for Psych Disorders

Empirically Supported Treatments for Psych Disorders BPD Treatment Print Empirically Supported Treatments for Psychological Disorders By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 02, 2018 Tetra Images / Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Empirically supported treatments, otherwise known as evidence-based treatments or evidence-based practices, are treatments and therapies that have research-based medical and scientific evidence showing that they work. How do doctors know that empirically supported treatments work? Thats where the research comes in. Empirically supported treatments have been tested in scientifically designed randomized controlled trials. If youre not sure what a randomized controlled trial is, youre not alone. The following explanation can help. What Is a Randomized Clinical Trial? First, its important to understand that randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard for testing new treatments. Every new treatment submitted for FDA approval must be supported by results from randomized controlled trials  demonstrating that its both safe and effective. For instance, when your doctor prescribes a medication for you here in the United States, its an empirically supported treatment that the FDA has approved. The words randomized, control, and trial have specific meanings in terms of testing new medical treatments: Randomized means the participants in the study have been assigned in no particular way to the groups that will be studied. This is done so that the results of the study wont be skewed by the participants or study investigators knowledge of how they were chosen. Controlled means that one of the groups studied does not receive the new (active) treatment being tested. Instead, they receive a placebo or dummy that looks like the tested medication but doesnt contain its active ingredient. The placebo may be a sugar pill or another medication. This study design allows the researchers to reasonably expect that the health effects they observe in the active group that they dont observe in the control group resulted from the use of the new treatment. Trial simply means that the treatment is on trial during the randomized controlled trial. If the study results are positive for the treatments safety and effectiveness, and the results lead to approval of it by the FDA, its an empirically supported treatment. Empirically Supported Treatments for BPD There are currently three treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD) that are considered empirically supported: Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Schema-Focused Therapy, and Transference-Focused Therapy. Where to Get Additional Information About Empirically Supported Treatments The Society of Clinical Psychology, a division of the American Psychological Association, maintains a list of psychotherapy treatments that are considered empirically supported. The Society also supports an ongoing discussion within the field of psychology about how  best  to define and promote the use of empirically supported treatments. The United States Substance and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) maintains the National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP), another list of empirically supported treatments. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Ezeulus Defeat in Chinua Achebes Arrow of God Essay

Ezeulus Defeat in Chinua Achebes Arrow of God When the Umuaro people began to encounter the spreading European colonialists, most realized that the colonialists were not like their other enemies and that they could not be defeated in the same way. So, even those most fiercely opposed to the colonial presence at first eventually conformed to its power. However, Ezeulu, the tragic hero of Chinua Achebes Arrow of God, was not the typical Umuaro villager. As the chief priest of the powerful deity Ulu, Ezeulu felt that he could be subordinate to no one and accordingly rose up in direct confrontation with both the colonialists and his own community. Even as strong of a man as Ezeulu could not fight successfully against such outnumbering†¦show more content†¦Captain Winterbottom stepped in, used colonial soldiers to stop the fighting, took the villagers guns away, and held a trial to determine which village rightfully owned the farmland in dispute. Winterbottom later explained to a colleague that during the trial, Only one man ... witnessed against his people (17). The man was, of course, Ezeulu who disagreed with the warlike actions of his village. Winterbottom interpreted Ezeulus refusal to defend the actions of his village as great honesty and, accordingly, held Ezeulu in high esteem. Because of his trust in Ezeulu and a misinterpretation of the chief-priests role in the community, Captain Winterbottom selected Ezeulu to serve as a puppet chief under the new system of indirect rule promoted by Lord Lugard. Winterbottom thought that the title Eze was that of a priest-king and did not realize that it was only that of a chief and held no political power. Although Ezeulu did indeed have political aspirations, others in the village, such as Nwaka, were quick to prevent any takeover by a religious leader. Nwaka says of Ezeulu, He is a man of ambition; he wants to be king, priest, diviner, all then said that the village must hold him in check (27). It would seem as though a man with political aspirations would have been thrilledShow MoreRelatedArrow of God - Paper7783 Words   |  32 PagesAfrika Focus, Vol. 5, Nr. 3-4, 1989, pp. 153-165 CONFLICT AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN ACHEBES ARROW OF GOD Owen G. MORDAUNT English Department University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaga, Nebraska 68182-0175 USA SUMMARY Mordaunt describes how the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe deals with the problem ofpersonal conflict in his novel Arrow of God. The main character in this novel is Ezeulu, who is chiefpriest of the god Ulu, of the village of Umuaro. Ezeulu comes into conflict with himself in a quest to

The Violence Of Worldwide Violence - 1159 Words

Worldwide violence is on an all-time rise. We see this in the newspapers, on the television, and all over the internet. However, workplace violence or WPV in healthcare is not something that tends to be in the general public’s eye. Yet WPV is a growing epidemic made evident by the passing of the Girgenti/Madden bill. The bill upgraded the penalties for assaulting healthcare workers from assault to aggravated assault. Such charges had long been afforded to law enforcement officers, firefighters, teachers, and even judges. OSHA defines WPV as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. It can affect and involve employees, clients, customers and visitors† (para. 1). Chapman, Perry, Styles, and Combs (2009) found that 75% of sampled nurses had experienced WPV within a 12-month period. Of th ese WPV cases 92% were verbal abuse, 69% physical threats, and 52% were physical assaults (p. 482). Speroni, Fitch, Dawson, Dugan, and Atherton (2014) conducted a comparative study with similar results. Of 762 nurses surveyed 76% had experienced WPV. When narrowed down to only emergency room nurses 96.7% had experienced WPV (p. 220). According to the CDC violence in a healthcare setting are more likely to occur in psychiatric wards, emergency rooms, waiting rooms, and geriatric units (para. 11). WPV canShow MoreRelatedViolence Is A Serious Problem Worldwide2003 Words   |  9 PagesAbuse is a serious problem worldwide and happens countless times on a daily basis. Information regarding how to deal with violence and aggression is vital to our personal well-being. Abuse comes in numerous styles and does not discriminate against anybody; violence can and often does happen to people in every type of lifestyle, culture, occupation, social-class, religion and age group. Abuse, or violence, is considered to be any intentional and unwanted contact. Violence is a major public healthRead MoreBlaming the Media for the Worldwide Increase in Violence Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesBlaming the Media for the Worldwide Increase in Violence The mass media are an increasingly accessible way for people to learn what is important in the world today and what is acceptable behaviour in this society. Media outlets include film, radio, print, music and so on; film being the most widely used medium. The media which is prevalent in every aspect of our lives, is the perfect instrument to instil ideas in the minds of the people, and the most susceptible of themRead MoreViolence Against Women : A Worldwide Problem Still Hidden Problem2514 Words   |  11 PagesViolence against women is a worldwide yet still hidden problem. Freedom from the threat of harassment, battering, and sexual assault is a concept that is hard to imagine because violence is embedded in a deep part of most cultures and most lives. â€Å"Violence against women includes all verbal, physical, and sexual assaults which violate a woman’s physical body, sense of self and sense of trust, regardless of age, race, ethnicity, or country. Violence against women has been identified as a major publicRead MoreDomestic violence1229 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ 3/1/13 Domestic Violence Persuasive Essay Final Draft â€Å"Every year, in the United States there are over 3 million incidents of reported domestic violence. Every year, 4,000 victims of domestic violence are killed.† (Domestic Violence: Disturbing Facts about Domestic Violence). Domestic violence is a crime that is not just committed in the United States, but worldwide. This crime is committed every day, every hour, every minute, and every second. Anybody can be a victim or the abuser. ThisRead MoreDomestic Violence And Socioeconomic Status Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pages Domestic Violence and Socioeconomic Status Kevin Lybacki Domestic Violence Professor C. Auletto 11/27/16  Domestic violence is a problem in society that faces many different people. Regardless of where people may live, how old they may be, what gender they may be, what ethnicity, etc, domestic violence occurs. In order to understand the severity of domestic violence, the definition must be understood. Domestic violence can be defined as â€Å"any incident or pattern of incidents of controllingRead MoreThe Effects of Violence on Women Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Violence on Women Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in developing, as well as in developed countries. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, restricting women from fully participating in society. Violence against women has many forms in which it comes in, from domestic abuse and rape to child marriages and female circumcision. All are violations of the most fundamentalRead MoreAnalysis of Women’s Rights: Rape and Sexual Violence Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesdestruction of the livelihood of women. The truth is obsolete in the era of never changing gendered hierarchy, where heartless militia have severed the line of innocence and consciousness for women worldwide; using them as scapegoats for their infantry. The victimization of these is rampant; the abuse and violence against their minds and bodies does not prove a victor of state but rather a violation of human life. Women own the right to their voice, to their ideas, and most importantly to their bodies;Read MoreIssue Relating to Violence Abuse Against Women and Children within Family918 Words   |  4 PagesIssue relating to violence abuse against women and children within family The issue that I am exploring As increasing number of women are gaining more rights globally as well as their economic power. However, domestic violence, especially violence against both women and children from associated partner remaining a broad issue that need to be addressed. Public health studies indicated that a large number of people have the experience of witnessing varies degree of violence within the family. I believeRead MoreYouth Violence And Its Effect On Children1637 Words   |  7 PagesSince the year 2000, youth violence has been one of the biggest concerns in almost every community. In my research I decided to evaluate the study of youth violence. Youth violence is said to start since the early days of childhood and lead onto the teenage years of a child. When talking about youth violence, the child may not only be an offender but they can be a victim of violence as well. Bullying, punching, slapping, kicking, teasing, and verbal abuse are all behaviors and forms of mistreatmentRead MoreViolenc e Against Women s Violence872 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Violence against women unfortunately is a very prevalent and critical issue in our society. It is a worldwide but still hidden problem. Freedom from the threat of harassment, battering, and sexual assault is a concept that most of us have a hard time imagining because violence is such a deep part of our cultures and our lives. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), it is estimated that 84,376 forcible rapes were reported to law enforcement in 2012, estimated at 52

Illiteracy Rate in America Free Essays

Although the United States is the most powerful country in the world, with its high economy rate and â€Å"dot comers† at its highest peak ever, it is unfortunately, sad to say that the elevating illiteracy rate is also at its highest peak also. Even though the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Illiteracy Rate in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now has the lowest rate among the other world countries, illiteracy still is a problem today that many U. S. citizens struggle with. A generalization of illiteracy is not being able to functionally read or write and â€Å"is essentially associated with poverty†(National Institute of Literacy p94) Whereas the definition of illiteracy stated by Webster (p413) is being unable to read and write; uneducated; having or showing a lack of knowledge of fundamentals on a particular subject. No one is capable of looking at another person and realizing that they are functionally illiterate, because illiterate people make it difficult to detect because they are so good at covering it. The literate public does not realize the size of the literacy problem today. They think everyone is literate, but more than 40 million Americans 16 years of age and older have only basic reading and writing skills, according to the U. S. department of education. WWW. galegroup. com Customarily, citizens apt to looking down upon those who are not functionally literate and who were deprived of the education that those who aren†t illiterate were taught These people are illiterate because they never had the opportunity to learn, or when they had the opportunity, they lacked the motivation to learn. There are many problems that an illiterate person will face when trying to live a normal day-to-day life, because they had a lack of motivation, which makes it very hard for an illiterate person to get around or even survive. Because of this, many help tactics have been underway so that they may have assistance in getting important things done. Despite the dispossession of not being able to functionally read and write, there are various problems that an individual, and that individuals† family are faced with. Such types of problems are not being able to make out a grocery, fill out important documents, such as health care information to better facilitate them and their family, and not being able to apply for a well-positioned job because they are unable to comprehend what the application is asking. These problems are like a domino effect amongst illiterate persons. Once one problem is dealt with another one appears to happen very shortly afterward. Take for example an illiterate mother who has two young children who have not been educated how to read nor write yet. This mother has a low-income job, because of lack of reading proficiency skills, which makes her have a very tight budget for her single family home. On a regular trip to the grocery store this mother would first have to ration her money out so that she would still have money for miscellaneous things. She would only be able to rely on pictures and normally bought things. While at the checkout line this mother would not be able to count her money alone, because she is â€Å"functionally illiterate†, so she would definitely be in need of assistance. Major companies and businesses have realized the illiteracy rate increase and have taken action to try and remedy the problem. There are many ways in which these places have tried to assist in helping these illiterate persons. When illiterate persons enter a social work office, in need of some sort of care â€Å"they mainly recognize there names and that†s about it† says Peggy McEldon, of Dinnwiddie Department of Social Services. She also goes on to say that â€Å"often times people come in with their forms already filled out and completed all they have to do is put the information in the system. sometimes for some support they will bring a relative or an authorized person to speak or sign papers for them, if someone can†t read or write they can sign with an â€Å"X†. (Peggy McEldon) Most importantly whatever help that is needed they are entitled to do whatever is possible to reach their need. In another situation at the local Department of Motor Vehicles, such assistance to an illiterate person trying for a drivers† license is instead of a computer test given, an oral test would be given, to ask questions as to where they stand. most people who come in with needs of assistance is young people†(Linda Hall, Front Hall Desk). In the most multicultural nation in the world, it is not uncommon to come across illiterate persons in your day-to-day life. In the 3rd world countries the crisis of illiteracy has usually been demoted. More and more however, literacy is threatening the continual development of highly industrialized nations. Though there are many sources that illiterate persons can go to to get help and assistance, illiterate persons will still not be able to survive very long with knowing little knowledge. Although it seems as though their will never be a halt in the growth of illiteracy, we find that most people will hold educators accountable for the lack of literate people that walk the face of this earth, even though it†s the illiterate people who lack in the skills needed to perform his or her purpose. Consequently as the standards increase, population grows, and the educational system falters, illiteracy will continue to be one of America†s worst problems; and the number of illiterate people will continue to rise. How to cite Illiteracy Rate in America, Papers

Service Operations Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Critical analyse of an Organization's Service Quality, Evaluation of any quality gap, and recommendations to Improve the Organization Service Competitiveness. Answer: Introduction The seminar is based on the discussion of fundamentals of English communication skills that are required and is essential in nature as well. The communication skills are essential as this help the individuals to generate proper diversity in the workplace. The significance of the communication includes the advancement of the technology is reliable on effective communication and this helps in eradicating the barriers that are caused due to the cultural and language barriers. Different ways of leading the seminar The seminar that was conducted and led by me is on the proper and effective kind of communication that is required to be adopted by all the folks in the entire world. I will start the seminar by providing a proper introduction about the entire topic by highlighting on the issues that has to be resolved properly. I will be identifying the particular topic in fundamentals of English communication that has to be provided proper focus and this will help in making the students present in the seminar understand about the importance of the communication. According to me, the point of seminar is not to summarize the concept of English communication but it is the proper review on the concepts as well as the on the reading. The different requirements of the seminar are: Particulars Description Introduction of the topic I have to start the seminar with proper introduction on importance of communication skills in the professional field. This will help me in providing the audiences a brief idea about the seminar. Fundamentals of English communication After providing a proper introduction, the concerned topic has to be discussed in the seminar with the examples of effective communication in the professional field. This will help me in making the students understand about the different disadvantages of improper communication skills (Braine 2014). This is the process that will help me in making the topic clear in front of the audiences by providing different examples and instances as this will help them in having a clear idea about the communication skills. Proper context This is required in leading as well as conducting a seminar properly as this will help me in focus on the central issues related to the context. Proper concepts have to be utilized in order to create a good discussion in the seminar. Posing different questions and examples This will help me in leading the seminar that will help in adding spark to the discussion in the seminar. The significant ideas will be generated and examples can be provided by the participants or the audiences in the seminar by providing real life examples of the issues with improper communication as this will make the communication process more effective and interesting in nature as well. The seminar that will be led by me will help me in analyzing the issues faced in the seminar and this will help in making the audiences about the team building concept (Carbaugh 2013). The seminar will be led in such a way that this will help in making the individuals understand about the proper process of effective communication as well as the workplace diversity that is required in the increasing in the productivity of the organization as well. I will include analysis of the proper communication as this will help in decreasing the errors that are committed due to improper communication and avoiding the conflicts as well. The seminar will help the individuals in a positive way by providing proper techniques that is concerning a particular topic of the effective communication in different institutions along with organizations as well (Bargiela-Chiappini and Nickerson 2014). The important topics have to be discussed in the seminar that will include proper information regarding the benefits of communication in eradicating the barriers of the communication. In the seminar, the participants has to be given fair chance as this will help in making the seminar interesting in nature. Similarly, the participants will feel motivated and interested in attending the seminar as this will provide them opportunities to place their views on the different effectiveness of the process of communication in the workplace (Chinn 2017). In the seminar, there should a chief guest who will be giving a lecture and a brief idea on the respective topic Fundamentals of English Communication. The guest lecturer will provide the participants a brief idea on the usage of effective communication in the workplace. This lecture will help to provide the participants in the seminar a clear idea on the effectiveness of the communication process and this will help in removing the misconceptions about the barriers of the communication process as well. The idea for the best seminar that can be led and managed by me will be starting with a proper introductory speech as this will help in providing the participants a brief idea about the actual topic. This will help me in conducting the research properly on the different requirements of the seminar as this will provide the participants a proper brief and the issues has to be highlighted properly. The concerns regarding the topic English communication along with the fundamentals of communication have to be identified properly as well that will help the individuals in generating some context about the respective topic. The proper questions as well as examples have to be generated as this will help in making the entire discussion interesting in nature. The participants should be given fair chance in participating in the seminar with the real life examples of the ineffective communication and the problems faced by them in the different fields. The questions as well as examples will spark the entire discussion as well. Proper hands outs can be provided to the audiences or the participants who are present in the seminar as this will help them in providing idea about the topic that will be discussed in the seminar. The leading of a proper seminar will provide chance to everyone in the seminar to discuss about the relevant issues, pros and cons related to the effective communication and ineffective communication. Proper reading will be done in advance by the participants as well as the guest speaker as this will help in understanding the necessity of the seminar and this will not be monotonous in nature as well. Before starting the seminar, proper brief can be provided to the individuals to provide different relevant information that can be provided by them if they are appropriate in nature Lastly, the seminar will be properly ended with making the participants fill the response form on whether they liked the seminar and if there are any kind of changes that are required to be enforced by the seminar management team. This can help us in making relevant and appropriate changes that are required to be maintained and this will be implemented from the next seminar that will be conducted as well. Lastly, the seminar will be ended with a proper filling up of the response forms as this will help in understanding the pros and cons that has been faced by the individuals who attended the seminar. The seminar will be effective in nature when there will be effectiveness in the face of the participants or the audiences who have attended the interview. The seminar has to be properly solved with the proper feedback from the respondents and implementing the different techniques that has been suggested by them and this will help them in solving such issues as well. References Bargiela-Chiappini, F. and Nickerson, C.R., 2014.Writing business: Genres, media and discourses. Routledge. Braine, G. ed., 2014.Teaching English to the world: History, curriculum, and practice. Routledge. Carbaugh, D., 2013.Cultural communication and intercultural contact. Routledge. Chinn, D., 2017. Review of Interventions to Enhance the Health Communication of People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Communicative Health Literacy Perspective.Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,30(2), pp.345-359. DiCerbo, P.A., Anstrom, K.A., Baker, L.L. and Rivera, C., 2014. A review of the literature on teaching academic English to English language learners.Review of Educational Research,84(3), pp.446-482. Gasparyan, A.Y., Yessirkepov, M., Diyanova, S.N. and Kitas, G.D., 2015. Publishing ethics and predatory practices: a dilemma for all stakeholders of science communication.Journal of Korean medical science,30(8), pp.1010-1016. Kuteeva, M. and Airey, J., 2014. Disciplinary differences in the use of English in higher education: Reflections on recent language policy developments.Higher Education,67(5), pp.533-549. Pennycook, A., 2017.The cultural politics of English as an international language. Taylor Francis. Salager-Meyer, F., 2014. Writing and publishing in peripheral scholarly journals: How to enhance the global influence of multilingual scholars?.Journal of English for Academic Purposes,13, pp.78-82. Spence, P. and Liu, G.Z., 2013. Engineering English and the high-tech industry: A case study of an English needs analysis of process integration engineers at a semiconductor manufacturing company in Taiwan.English for specific purposes,32(2), pp.97-109.

Fidel Castro How One Man With A Cigar Dominated American Foreign Poli

Fidel Castro: How One Man With A Cigar Dominated American Foreign Policy In 1959, a rebel, Fidel Castro, overthrew the reign of Fulgencia Batista in Cuba; a small island 90 miles off the Florida coast. There have been many coups and changes of government in the world since then. Few if any have had the effect on Americans and American foreign policy as this one. In 1952, Sergeant Fulgencia Batista staged a successful bloodless coup in Cuba . Batista never really had any cooperation and rarely garnered much support. His reign was marked by continual dissension. After waiting to see if Batista would be seriously opposed, Washington recognized his government. Batista had already broken ties with the Soviet Union and became an ally to the U.S. throughout the cold war. He was continually friendly and helpful to American business interest. But he failed to bring democracy to Cuba or secure the broad popular support that might have legitimized his rape of the 1940 Constitution. As the people of Cuba grew increasingly dissatisfied with his gangster style politics, the tiny rebellions that had sprouted began to grow. Meanwhile the U.S. government was aware of and shared the distaste for a regime increasingly nauseating to most public opinion. It became clear that Batista regime was an odious type of government. It killed its own citizens, it stifled dissent. (1) At this time Fidel Castro appeared as leader of the growing rebellion. Educated in America he was a proponent of the Marxist-Leninist philosophy. He conducted a brilliant guerilla campaign from the hills of Cuba against Batista. On January 1959, he prevailed and overthrew the Batista government. Castro promised to restore democracy in Cuba, a feat Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked upon benevolently but watchfully by Washington. Castro was believed to be too much in the hands of the people to stretch the rules of politics very far. The U.S. government supported Castro's coup. It professed to not know about Castro's Communist leanings. Perhaps this was due to the ramifications of Senator Joe McCarty's discredited anti-Communist diatribes. It seemed as if the reciprocal economic interests of the U.S. and Cuba would exert a stabilizing effect on Cuban politics. Cuba had been economically bound to find a market for its #1 crop, sugar. The U.S. had been buying it at prices much higher than market price. For this it received a guaranteed flow of sugar. (2) Early on however developments clouded the hope for peaceful relations. According to American Ambassador to Cuba, Phillip Bonsal, "From the very beginning of his rule Castro and his sycophants bitterly and sweepingly attacked the relations of the United States government with Batista and his regime".(3) He accused us of supplying arms to Batista to help overthrow Castro's revolution and of harboring war criminals for a resurgence effort against him. For the most part these were not true: the U.S. put a trade embargo on Batista in 1957 stopping the U.S. shipment of arms to Cuba. (4) However, his last accusation seems to have been prescient. With the advent of Castro the history of U.S.- Cuban relations was subjected to a revision of an intensity and cynicism which left earlier efforts in the shade. This downfall took two roads in the eyes of Washington: Castro's incessant campaign of slander against the U.S. and Castro's wholesale nationalization of American properties. These actions and the U.S. reaction to them set the stage for what was to become the Bay of Pigs fiasco and the end of U.S.- Cuban relations. Castro promised the Cuban people that he would bring land reform to Cuba. When he took power, the bulk of the nations wealth and land was in the hands of a small minority. The huge plots of land were to be taken from the monopolistic owners and distributed evenly among the people. Compensation was to be paid to the former owners. According to Phillip Bonsal, " Nothing Castro said, nothing stated in the agrarian reform statute Castro signed in 1958, and nothing in the law that was promulgated in the Official Gazzette of June 3, 1959, warranted the belief that in two years a wholesale conversion of Cuban agricultural land to state ownership would take place".(5) Such a notion then would have been inconsistent with many of the Castro pronouncements, including the theory of a peasant revolution and the pledges to the landless throughout the nation. Today most of the people who expected to become independent farmers or members of cooperatives in the operation of which they

Novel PR Company

Novel PR Company Introduction Planning for a business is critical towards laying the foundation for success. Thus, it is imperative for a proposed business to have a comprehensive marketing plan that captures the basic ideas and implementation path. Among the elements that should be part and parcel of a business plan include strategic marketing channel and promotion.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Novel PR Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the plan should incorporate possible competition and the general business environment level. This analytical paper will explore the above elements as a prerequisite for the successful establishment and sustainability of the Novel PR Company, which is a web content developer. The company targets the business community who depends on the internet to increase online presence. The business will offer excellent online content development services to individual consumers, small and medium businesses, and institutions. Since the company targets to introduce unique web content services, it will not face much competition as most of the businesses in the region do not have affordable specialized web content services. Market Segments Marketing strategy is essential before actualizing projections of a blue print. As a matter of fact, this plan functions on the margins of informed decision making after comprehensive research on viability and sustainability of a product. In order to achieve desired margins in sales and total revenues generated, a proper marketing plan should integrate entry strategy, comparative advantage, and market segmentation since in most cases, there is always a strong competitor or competitors that passing might prove challenging due to existence of consumer perceptions and household names. The targeted market is subdivided into the consumer, small and medium business, and institutions segments. These segments have unique needs that must be add ressed by the company in order to ensure business sustainability. Small and Medium Business Segmentation This market captures small food outlets, hotels, motels, and retail businesses within the targeted region. Web content development services destined for this market are often expensive, and lack the value addition component of free hosting. Sometimes, quality and relevance are compromised due to the small volumes of delivery for this market.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Novel PR Company intends to introduce the customized web content development services to this market promising diversity in types, lower price, and free hosting. As an incentive, the company will offer free content modification to loyal customers. Therefore, this segment is influenced by competitive pricing, creativity and customized services, and free hosting for optimal benefits. In ord er to attract this segment, the company will offer free after sales services, delivery on credit, and series of discount on the basis of the number of web content services. Since it will be properly implemented, the company is positioned to counter competitors’ strategy of reaching the customers through proxy web content marketers (Bowden 70). Institutional Segmentation The targeted region has several schools, government institutions, collages, hospitals among other establishments with online programs to support their services. These institutions are strategically located and uniformly spread across the accessible market. Nearly one hundred percept of people found in these institutions are customers who have access to the internet. With properly drawn partnership and memorandum of understanding, the market is within the Novel PR’s influence. Specifically, the customized and relevant content element will give the Novel PR’s services a competitive age in learning institutions and hospitals which have embraced online services for their customers. Also, the competitive pricing will facilitate its sustainability in the highly differentiated market (Kotler and Gary 35). Consumer Segment This is the largest segment for the web content development services offered by the Novel PR Company. This segment comprises of households who use the internet to market their services or products. Since the web content development service comes in customizable packages, the segment is influenced by differential quantification, competitive pricing, and free online support. Therefore, Novel PR Company will come up with a special web support service to position itself in this segment. The company will merge the strategy with advertisements, since this group of consumers has access to social media. Due to exposure to information sources such as new papers, television, radio, and magazines, product announcement through these avenues will enable the company to double its market base (Kotler and Keller 41).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Novel PR Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As forecasted in the market research, this strategy will be successful towards dominance as it offers a variety of options to consumers while at the same time maximizing benefits of economies of scale to the company. Creating Value for the Consumers and the Organization Choosing Value In order to increase credibility and maintain professionalism, the Novel PR Company’s business channel will encompass processes and features that flawlessly facilitate a healthy lifetime relationship between the business and its client. Among the new development elements that will be incorporated include trust, reliability, distribution, fair retribution process, and passing accurate information to target audience to restore confidence. Reflectively, value in the context of this business will include the aspect of an engaged audience supported by high quality and relevant online content, which will help businesses to transform their web traffic into engaged audiences. The second aspect will be online referrals through which the Novel PR Company will get more referrals via Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM). Lastly, the aspect of sales funnel will increase the number of prospects entering the sales funnel from online sources (Rhim and Lee 160). Providing Value The Novel PR Company will align its services with the needs of the target market by actively participating in series of corporate social responsibility initiatives. All aspects of the firm such as sales, purchases, marketing, management, and operations will be aligned to appropriate and sustainable technology to ensure competitive advantage. Therefore, value will be provided to business through content optimization for search engine listing (SEO), market research, and a fast turnaround. Specifically, this proposed system in Googl e will consist of a multi tab page that will serve different areas and services to online customers. When implementing SEO in the Google search, it is necessary to revise the algorithms constantly for the search result of the Novel PR Company website to remain at the top. This can be achieved through revising the content to ensure that all the information in the website pertains directly to the needs of potential clients (Tynan and McKechnie 512).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communicating Value Communication is the epicenter of sustainability. Communicating the value for the Novel PR Company will be achieved through sales letters, SEO ranking reports, and social media presence analysis. Under the sales letters, each prospect will get a sales letter delivered via email discussing the benefits of outsourcing content creation. The SEO rankings reports will be communicated through creating a platform for each prospect to get an SEO ranking report developed using online web ranking resources from alexa.com. Lastly, social media presence analysis will be achieved through generation of free report of online presence. For instance, the Novel PR Company website will carry out a link reference promotion where the website user with the highest number of referral links is rewarded with a free consultancy service or gift hampers. This will create a long term loyalty among clients. The potential of the referral link approach is that it will improve the visibility of the Novel PR Company website across the globe (Rhim and Lee 163). The advertisement message will be presented in two channels, that is, below-the-line and above-the-line. Under the below-the-line approach, the web content services will be marketed directly through the print and visual press besides the numerous local radio channels. Under the above-the-line approach, the advertising message will be presented via the social media to appeal to the customer segment consisting of the technological gauchos and digerati. The use of social media to advertise the Novel PR Company was informed by the need for customer retention and loyalty building. Properly modified Novel PR Company website and the twitter fun page will reassure the customers on quality of the application and its compatibility with computers around the targeted region. Through massive recruitment of Novel PR Company fans in the twitter page, the company will not only benefit from an increased traffic of online compliments, but also record high rates of customer loyalty as most customers are influenced by reactions from other clients (Bowden 73). Marketing Strategies Consumers are generally influenced by two factors: internal influences and external influences. Internal influences are personal feelings and thoughts that include self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions, and perceptions. These factors generally influence perception, purchasing patterns, and attitude customers develop towards a product or a service offered by a business. The marketing strategies for the Novel PR Company will incorporate the elements of product, pricing, distribution, and promotion as discussed below. Product Product development entails the innovation process aimed at modeling the existing product or improving on it to balance with the changing preferences of the customers. As a result, the older version will be phased out of the market as preferences change. The concept of web content development is an innovative ide a to deliver unparalleled experience to target customers. The product developed by the Novel PR Company is for distribution to companies seeking to expand their web presence is written content in the form of articles, website, white papers, and social media post. The website content will be in the form of the text used on the corporate or business website of a company. On the other hand, the article content will be used as blog posts or as articles for online distribution by interested companies. The social media post will include one-liners that may be used in social media outlets such as Face book and Twitter. Lastly, the white papers as part of the product content will consist of information packs written in essay format containing useful information that would assist readers to make decisions regarding a particular product or service. The primary feature of the product content for the Novel PR Company will operate on the SEO specs. The content will be created around the premises of excellent grammar, informative content, and user friendly handle (Kotler and Gary 35). Specifically, through product development, the Novel PR Company will be in a position to optimally exploit opportunities available in the innovation market segment and gain a significant share in the web content development sector. Pricing Through generic pricing strategy, the company will be in a position to offer premium pricing for its customers. In order to implement the generic pricing strategy, the company will opt for value pricing as perceived by the potential customers. The value of high quality content is very high for any business seeking to create traffic and to convert it to an engaged audience. Since the product content for the Novel PR Company can deliver this type of value, then potential business owners would be willing to pay a premium for it (Bowden 79). In setting the price for different product content, it is important to review the pricing objective, cost of production, d emand, and competition. Basically, the pricing objective for this product is to locate the premium pricing point that is acceptable and competitive among small and medium size business owners. Since the demand for this product is recurring, it is projected to be relatively stable and skewed towards creation of business opportunities for the company. The only major cost of production is just the time needed to develop the different content. This makes the business sustainable. Lastly, the business is likely to face competition from content farms and freelancers. However, the competition will be minimal since the product content proposed by the company is very unique. Distribution The distribution strategy used for marketing will have both push and pull elements. Online purchasing behavior usually follows the pull pattern because internet users look for information they need on their own. Push is still necessary because people don’t know about a service or product until they in teract with it. Lastly, the distribution will be supported via the e-commerce platform. This means that all transactions will take place online. Customers will make orders and the content will be delivered online. In order to effectively market the web content product, the distribution channels that will be used include organic search, paid search, and emails. Under organic search, the company will create a platform with searches driven by search engines such as Google and Bing. After building an email list, it will serve as a medium of product distribution. Under the paid search platform, the company will pay for online listing of search results in order to receive more traffic (Tynan and McKechnie 514). The company will hire three vehicles fitted with loud speakers to announce the product across different regions where the target market is easily found. These automobiles will also be fitted with visible posters of the company web content product. The targeted clients will be advis ed on the exact procedure of buying the web content from the company website. In order to successfully implement this strategy, the Novel PR Company will have to hire five marketers on a temporary basis to accompany the marketing entourage. Promotion Through timely appeal to emotions and self prejudice, the Novel PR Company will increase their advertisement in the social media, newspaper and broadcast media, and billboards for the online web content product. The Novel PR Company will succeed in implementing this aspect of ‘jumping the queue’ ahead of other competitors through visible signs of the web content product all over the targeted region. These advertisement erected signs will endeavor to cue the visual mental aspect of the targeted customers into the product (Kotler and Keller 26). Marketing the product will be carried out through interactive marketing, word-of-mouth marketing, personal selling, and direct marketing. Under direct marketing, the Novel PR Company will identify potential clients and make contact either via phone or email. The interactive marketing will entail taking calls over Skype and building real time chat facilities into the company’s website. Personal selling will be executed through sales representatives and other company personnel who will be involved in direct selling of the products through their online accounts and social media presence. Lastly, the word-of-mouth marketing will be rolled out through referrals from satisfied customers (Kotler and Keller 19). The objective of the promotion exercise is to position the company as a reliable content provider. Thus, promotional communications will rely on online platforms through the internet. Conclusion Properly researched brand and product management plan determine the success and sustainability in penetrating market with a new product. To increase credibility and maintain professionalism, product processes and features should flawlessly facilitate a healthy and lifetime relationship between the company and its clients. A properly designed brand and product management plan should be practical in presenting brand knowledge, awareness, penetration strategy, and passing information to target audience. Generally, these concepts will be applied in the Novel PR Company brand. The concepts will be designed as flexible to market dynamics and embrace alterations where necessary. Basically, the company will heavily depend on referrals from satisfied customers as a reliable promotion channel. Bowden, John. â€Å"The Process of Customer Engagement: A Conceptual Framework.† Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, 17.1(2009): 63-74. Print. Kotler, Philip, and A. Gary. Marketing-an introduction, New York, NY: Pearson, 2013. Print. Kotler, Philip, and K. Keller. Marketing management. 14th ed. 2012. New Jersey, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Print. Rhim, Hosus and Conrad Lee. â€Å"Assessing potential threats to incumbent brands: new product positionin g under price competition in a multi segmented markets.† International Journal of Research in Marketing 22.1 (2005): 159-182. Print. Tynan, Caroline and Sandra McKechnie. â€Å"Experience Marketing: A Review and Reassessment.† Journal of Marketing Management 25.6 (2008): 501-527. Print.

Martha Stewart Unethical Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martha Stewart Unethical Practices - Essay Example Martha Stewart was able to muster enough strength to overall all insurmountable obstacles, including the stock market scandal, to retain her business and home icon status. Martha’s website, http://www.marthastewart.com/crafts, displays many of her business products. The business products include kids’ accessories, Crepe –paper crafts, handmade clutches /bags, clay, and other kids’ nature products. In addition, Martha Stewart sold products under the home and garden classification. The classification included organizing tips for the day. One product is helping current and prospective customers choose the right color for their homes. The classification includes organizing tips for the day. The classification offers access to her Living journal. Martha’s website offers an entertainment product classification. The classification offers current and prospective customers to buy her regularly printed Mart’s Entertaining journal. The classification offers products relating to cocktails. The classification sells baby shower products for the expecting mothers. The classification offers products for graduation activities. Martha Stewart’s website sells a product classification for wedding occasions. The classification offers different wedding gown designs. The classification offers seasonal ideas for the special marriage event. The classification offers 50 great wedding centerpieces. ... To ensure the success of her printed products, Thomas Mickey (2003) reiterated Martha Stewart personally launched her product. She appeared on NBC’s â€Å"Today† show to discuss the many advantages of buying her Martha Stewart Living journal. In addition, Martha Stewart devoted a section of the Martha Stewart Living journal to gardening topics. The journal was a huge success among gardening enthusiasts. Martha also produced her own show. Martha Stewart’s TV show allocated a portion to gardening topics. Martha Stewart was catapulted as one of gardening gurus. However, Carrie Johnson (2005) reported Martha Stewart was entangled in one unethical situation during her stay at the top of her business career. Martha Stewart was imprisoned for her part in the ImClone Systems stock trading acts that were classified as UNETHICAL. Martha Stewart was the chief executive officer ImClone Systems. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission and the United States probe of trading. In addition, two officers and the founder of ImClone Systems, Samuel Waksal, were arrested for their part in the stock market scandal. The officers of the company sold their stocks in the market to avoid generating losses from selling their stocks AFTER the news will crop up that the company is losing money. Likewise, both Zvi Fuks, the chairman of New York’s Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital, and Sabina Ben-Yehuda, an officer of an investment company with linkage to Waksal, sold their stocks after being tipped that the stock prices will drop after a few days. The arrests came after Martha Stewart served her sentence for obstructing investigation into her sale of ImClone stock. In terms of analysis, stock market prices rise when current and prospective

Africans who lived in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Africans who lived in America - Essay Example The land of Cleveland was one of the main regions inhabited by the African-American people; this was after the survey by Moses Cleaveland, who toured the place, acquired it and sold it through his Land Company. The more the black population grew the more the racism grew as well. It reached a point where public institutions became segregated and the black were in most case the victims of injustice. They were not allowed in some hospitals, theatres, and churches. They therefore opted to form their own churches and that was when Black African churches were formed. Despite the fact that Africans were not allowed to access education, some like Booker Washington and Will DuBois managed to get educated. They later became the champions for the enlightenment of the blacks by agitating for their rights. Keywords: Cleveland, Africans, Americans, Blacks, Whites, Racism, Segregation, Moses Cleveland, Booker Washington, Will DuBois 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Explain,  in detail,  who was Moses Cleavela nd, what were his goals for the Western Reserve? Moses Cleaveland was born in the year 1754 in the city of Canterbury in the county of Windham (Wheeler, 2000). He went to Yale College and graduated as a lawyer in 1777, and soon after his graduation, he went on to practice law in Canterbury; his service as a lawyer took a period of about 30 years. He was a lieutenant during revolution in America; this was during his practice as a lawyer when he joined an army at the Valley Forge, in the year 1978. He was married to Esther Champion with whom they had four children (Wheeler, 2000). The following year, Moses Cleaveland who was still in the army, was promoted to the position of captain. He was also elected as a member of the Connecticut general assembly representing Canterbury (Wheeler, 2000). In 1796, he led the first voyage to Western Reserve; he is remembered for his relentless effort in championing the ratification of the US constitution. He is best known for his investment skills an d hard work while serving as an officer of Connecticut Land Company. He had a band of surveyors varying from men and women, as well as experts. Through his great leadership skills, he managed to lead the whole team of surveyors into discovering a city; they named it Cleveland in his honor. He was always a happy man who enjoyed success and appreciated the effort of team work; this attribute is seen when he organized a ceremony to mark his team’s success for having arrived at the new Connecticut. He declared Cleveland as the new city of Connecticut and wished it a long life. After the great mission, he went back to Canterbury in Connecticut and on November 16, 1806, General Moses Cleaveland passed on, leaving behind a lot of legacy. A statute was erected in the new Connecticut in his memory. Western Reserve was discovered, it was a great land with great potential for business activities. According to Miller (1997), â€Å"as Moravian missionary John Heckewelder noted in 1976, t he area had the best prospect of water communication from Lake Erie to the Ohio River† (p. 143). Despite all the hypes, early settlers in the region had to migrate due to the miasmic swamps, which often made them sick. The federal government had to make a decision on how to dispose off the land. Lucky enough, the Connecticut land company under the leadership of Moses Cleaveland, came in and bought the land from the federal authority. His reasons for buying the land were to use it for agriculture and commercial purposes. Cleaveland’s immediate goal was to utilize the available lakes and rivers for communication. He had men, food, and instruments that were used for surveying and he needed to transport them by the lake. It was while in this mission that he discovered the lake was long enough for commercial

Impact of Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties

Impact of Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties Language is the vehicle for most learning, so when a child has speech, language and communication difficulties it can affect the development of the child’s cognitive, social and emotional wellbeing. The level of development problems will vary depending on the severity of the problems and the support that the child receives. All children can benefit from some support in speech, language and communications because of how important it is for learning. We need all three elements of speech, language and communication to get our message across, without any of these, what a child says and understands may become confused. Here are some areas that may be affected. Personal, social and emotional development. Some may find it difficult to follow the rules of communication and interact socially with others. Because they may find it hard to express themselves and get their views and needs across to others they can often find themselves avoiding social interaction situations. This can then make them feel they lack confidence and have a low self-esteem. Decision making will become difficult and they may start to rely on others to make decisions for them. Friendships. Friendships are very important for children. Children with speech, language and communications difficulties can find making and maintaining friendships a real challenge. The ability to understand and negotiate disagreements, socialise with peers and be part of a friendship group is an important development in life. This can become even more difficult as the child progresses through primary school as the need increases for them to become more aware of the feelings, thoughts and motives of others. Behaviour. Children with these difficulties can often become frustrated, this can result in them demonstrating behaviour difficulties. These can range from occasional bouts of unpredictable behaviour to more specific patterns of misbehaviour. Sometimes because of this poor behaviour, which is often seen as the bigger issue, the language difficulties can be missed. Play. Play is a vital part of a child’s development, by playing they can learn from their peers. When a child struggles with speech, language and communication, this can have an effect on their ability to play with others. They may not have the confidence to mix with others and participate in games as they can struggle to understand the rules or to make themselves be understood when explaining what they want to play. Literacy. Spoken language is important for the development of reading and writing. Children with speech and language problems will often go on to also have reading and writing difficulties. Children who are unable to understand complex oral language and word meanings can have reading difficulties because their ability to understand and produce written language is limited. This can have a knock on effect with accessing the rest of the curriculum, for example, for the development of maths there needs to be an understanding of language and instructions to help with mathematical problem solving and using number and shape names. Adapting Communications Methods. There are lots of things all practitioners can do to help a child with language and communication difficulties. The level of adaptions required will depend on the severity of the child’s difficulties. You will need to discover how the child communicates and just how well they can communicate to be able to make the best adaptions. It would certainly be advisable for all practitioners to take part in a speech and language therapy total communication workshop. This will explain the ability to communicate by whatever means available. This may include a combination of any of the following. Natural gesture, e.g. painting, body movements, speech, vocal noises, signs, symbols, pictures and photos. Children are more likely to learn and take in more when they are not rushed and given time to listen. Slow your speech down so that they have more time to process what is being said to them or asked of them. Make sure the child is given time to answer a question. By rushing them into answeri ng can make them feel they have failed and therefore less likely to want to attempt to communicate. Objects of reference can be used as a way of communication. These are objects that are chosen to represent activities, places, times etc. and are used meaningfully and systematically. Objects are used because they are multi-sensory and permanent. They also help when used in a systematic way. It can develop symbolic understanding, for example, something that can represent something else. Develop the understanding of what’s going to happen next. Develops the concept of start and finish. It also helps retention of information by the use of prompts. It will develop the ability to communicate when using objects of reference. It is important to speak to the child, but the level of language should be based on the level of understanding by the child. Use keywords, known vocabulary and have a consistent routine. PECS(Picture Exchange Communication System) can help those that have communication difficulties to initiate communication, although this is a very structural approach and best implemented by someone who is trained in it. When giving children with language and communication difficulties instructions or explaining to them about an activity, it is important that you make sure the child has fully understood what has been said to them. Asking the child to repeat what you have asked them or get them to explain the activity to you will help you decide if they have a good understanding of what is asked of them. You can help by shortening your sentences and use more simple words that are age and development related. Signing with a child can be helpful in many ways, it gains their attention and can improve eye contact, expressive speech can develop. Signing is known to stimulate the some area of the brain as speech, make sure you sign slowly and only sign keywords. It is important to speak naturally with the signs. Do not overload the child with too many signs and only teach the signs that are useful to the child that you are working with. Just by learning a few key signs such as drink and toilet can enhance s ome children’s lives enormously. English as an addition Language. Because there are more and more children entering the childcare settings who speak English as an additional language, practitioners may have to give extra support to these children to help them develop their skills in English. Practitioners should value this linguistic diversity and provide opportunities for these children to use and develop their home language in their play and learning. Home language skills are transferable to new languages and can strengthen the child’s understanding of language use. As some of the child’s family may not speak any English, it is important to understand that the child will still need to speak their home language for communications in the home. Home languages are vital for maintaining positive family connections. Practitioners have a key role in reassuring parents that by maintaining and developing their home language will benefit their children with their developing skills in English. English will need to be learnt in a context, throu gh practical meaningful experiences and interactions with others. These children may spend a long time listening before they speak and go through a silent phase. This is not usually a cause for concern as they are still learning. They will often be able to understand much of what they hear, especially where communication through gesture, facial expression and visual support is encouraged. Understanding is always in advance in spoken language and it is important that children do not feel pressured into speaking until they feel confident to do so, but it is essential that adults continue to talk to the children with the expectation that they will respond. Learning opportunities should be planned to help children develop their English. Build on the child’s experiences of language at home, so that their developing use of English and other languages support one another. Provide a variety of writing in the children’s home languages as well as English including books, labels and notices. Make sure the child has a range of opportunities to engage in speaking and listening activities in English with peers and adults. Practitioners will also have to keep close supervision over children that have English as an additional language and continually reinforce instructions, as these children may find it difficult to understand rules and boundaries and therefore can place themselves at risk of danger and hurting themselves. Supporting Speech, Language and Communication needs of children. The earlier any problems with a child’s speech are picked up the better as the relevant support can be put into place. It is therefore vital for all those working with children to appreciate the importance of speech, language and communication. Make sure they are aware of how they can support the development of speech, language and communications in all children. Are able to identify children with difficulties and know where to get them additional support. Know how to work with specialists such as speech therapists. It’s not always easy to tell if a child has a speech, language and communication need, it can depend on several things, and for example what age the child is and what type of difficulties they may have. Usually a parent or a family member will be the first person to realise the child has a difficulty, sometimes it can be staff at a nursery or school who notice there is a problem. Testing can begin right from birth as many babies now have a new-born hearing t est. Problems with hearing can lead to speech difficulties. If a parent has concerns about their child’s speech, language and communication development, they can seek advice from their health visitor, G.P. school nurse or teacher. Any of these should be able to support the parent in making a referral to a speech and language therapist if necessary. Speech and language therapists have specialist skills and knowledge about the development of speech and language. They are trained to assess the child’s speech and language development, notice whether there are any difficulties, make a diagnosis and develop an individual treatment plan to the child’s needs and work alongside the parent to implement the plan. Impact of Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties Impact of Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties Speech, language and communication development are at the heart of all childrens learning and link to other areas of a childs development. Without speech, language and communication skills, a child will not be able to reach their full potential. According to the charity ICAN, 1 in 10 children in the UK, 2 or 3 in every classroom have communication difficulties that require specialist help. (http://www.ican.org.uk/) With such a high number of children with communication difficulties, it is important to have knowledgeable practitioners to effectively support childrens speech, language and communication skills. Learning Outcomes At the end of this unit, you will be able to: Explain how speech and language difficulties can impact on a childs overall development. Describe ways in which communication can be modified or adapted. Explain how to meet the communication needs of children who speak English as an additional language. Analyse the role that other professionals play in supporting the speech, language and communication needs of children. Introduction There are increasing numbers of children entering an educational environment with speech and language difficulties. This unit will enable you to understand some of the main causes of speech and language difficulties and the effects it can have on other areas of childrens development. This unit will help you to understand how to effectively support childrens speech, language and communication skills and adapt your communication accordingly. Effects of speech and language difficulties Speech and language difficulties in children can be caused by many different factors: Childhood Illnesses Chronic ear infections can have an effect on a childs speech and language development. If ear infections are persistent, fluid will be present in the ear for long periods of time. This can result in hearing difficulties, which can affect how a child processes language, which can in turn result in delayed speech and language. Use of dummies and bottles Prolonged use of dummies and bottles in babies and young children can have effects on a childs speech, language and communication. Before babies learn to say words and sentences, they explore their voices by producing noises and different sounds. Prolonged use of dummies and bottles can result in a child using their voice less often to make noises and sounds. The teat from the bottle or dummy can also prevent normal movement of the tongue and lips at the front of the mouth; leading to distorted speech. Difficulty in using oral muscles Oral motor disorders can affect children. A child that has an oral motor disorder will find it difficult to use the muscles in their lips, jaw and tongue. Difficulty in using these muscles will affect how a child can use their mouth and create difficulties with speaking, eating and drinking. Developmental Difficulties Children with Autistic Spectrum Difficulties experience difficulties in communicating. They find it difficult to understand or use verbal or non-verbal communication skills. Pregnancy or birth difficulties Dysarthria is a condition affecting the muscles used for speech, creating speech and language difficulties. It is often caused by changes to the brain during pregnancy and at birth. Lack of stimulation Children learn by watching others. They observe and copy language, behaviour and actions of others around them. If a child does not receive language stimulation in their early years, they will not acquire effective language and communication skills. The Literacy Trust runs an initiative titled, talk to your baby to support early language stimulation. They explain that, lack of early language stimulation can lead to language delay, and sometimes literacy and learning difficulties that then extend well beyond early literacy development and can be extremely costly or difficult to remedy. (http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/talk_to_your_baby/about) The Impact of Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties Speech, language and communication skills are fundamental to promoting other areas of learning. During a recent review of the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum by Dame Clare Tickell (The Tickell Review), it became apparent that communication and language skills provide a strong foundation for further learning to take place. As a result of this review, Communication and Language development has now become a prime area of learning for children within the Early Years Foundation Stage. If a child is having difficulties with communication and language, their overall development may be affected. The impact of a childs communication and language difficulties will vary depending on the childs individual needs and severity of their difficulties. The following areas could be affected: Personal, Social and Emotional Development Friendships Behaviour Play Literacy Mathematics Personal, Social and Emotional Development Personal, social and emotional development looks at how children develop self-confidence and self-esteem and also at how children make choices and decisions. A child with a communication and language difficulty may find it difficult to express their needs and preferences, meaning that they may refrain from making their own choices and decisions. The development of acceptable social skills is reliant upon play and interaction with others. Children may not feel confident in entering social situations where they find it difficult to interact or participate to a full extent; this can negatively affect their social and emotional difficulties. Friendships The development of friendships relies on positive interaction between two people. Children build friendships by communicating and interacting with one another. Positive communication relies on eye contact, body language and gestures to be used alongside language in order to understand what another person is saying. As children become older, language is essential for establishing and maintaining relationships. A child with difficulties communicating may be left out of friendships. Behaviour Communication and language difficulties and behaviour are closely linked. Children, who have difficulty listening and processing language, therefore may not understand the rules and boundaries of the classroom or setting. This may result in tantrums or frustration demonstrated by the child, as they are unable to understand why they are not allowed to do something. Communication difficulties can result in a child having fewer opportunities for social interaction with other children and less experience in co-operating and sharing with others. In this instance, children may not understand the social expectations of play, which can result in the child snatching toys, rather than learning how to share. If a child has difficulty verbally communicating, they may become frustrated as they are unable to explain their interests and needs. Play Play is valuable for young children. The Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum values play as an effective method of learning for young children, play is essential for childrens development, building their confidence as they learn to explore, to think about problems, and relate to others. Children who have difficulty with communication may find it difficult to engage with and relate to other children during play. As children become older, they enjoy using language to communicate with each other and to play team games with rules. Difficulty engaging with others or understanding the rules of games can leave a child isolated and left out of activities with other children. This will also affect a childs confidence and self-esteem. Insert photo here: http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-photo-4096771-left-out.php?st=fcaf64f This image shows how a child can be left out from group games and activities. Literacy Speech and language skills are important for childrens literacy development. Difficulty in understanding and processing language can lead to delays in the development of phonic skills and reading. The ability to understand written communication is an essential tool for learning, as it supports learning across other areas of the curriculum. Mathematics Mathematical development includes aspects such as problem solving and reasoning, which often require understanding of language and instructions. Many other areas of Mathematics also rely upon the use of mathematical language, such as using number and shape names and numerical language. This close link between literacy and mathematics can cause mathematical delays for children with communication difficulties. Adapting communication methods Children with speech, language and communication difficulties will all have varying degrees of severity and will therefore need different levels of support. There are many different strategies that can be adopted in order to support individual children. Slow down your communication In order to process language, children require time to listen, think about and work out what has been said to them. Slowing down the speed in which you communicate with children will give them time to listen to and process the language. By pausing after asking questions, children will get the chance to think about an answer to the question. Do not rush children. This may result in the child feeling like they have failed and will lower their self-esteem and confidence. Children will be more likely to attempt to communicate and answer questions if they feel comfortable and get the opportunity to participate. Use Visual Aids Using visual aids can support children in understanding communication. Within everyday communication, gestures and hand actions can support a conversation and can engage a child. Within a setting, visual aids can be used to help the child to understand the daily routine and to make choices and decisions. A visual timetable is a popular strategy used to give children structure for the day and reduce anxiety. A visual timetable is a sequence of symbols or pictures that is displayed in order to demonstrate the activities planned for the session. Children can become involved in the visual timetable by removing the symbols when that activity is complete. Symbols or pictures can also be used to support children in decision making. For example, a practitioner could have symbols for different types of fruit and encourage a child to choose a picture to represent what they would like for their snack. This strategy can be applied to other areas of the childs day, such as choosing activities. Check Childrens Knowledge and Understanding When giving children instructions or explaining an activity, it is important to clarify their knowledge and understanding of the task. By encouraging children to repeat the instructions or by asking them to explain what they are expected to do, you will be able to ensure that they have understood what you have asked them to do. Simplify your Language Shortening your sentences and simplifying your language can help children to process language and understand what has been said to them. Think about the words you use with children and ensure that they are not too complex for their age and stage of development. For example, you could replace the word construct with the word build. Guided Activity Think about some of the vocabulary you use with children. For each word or phrase, identify a simplified version you could use with children with communication difficulties. Praise Childrens Efforts Giving children praise is an important method to promote the use of communication. Praising a child for participating in an activity or for what they have done well will help to build a childs self-esteem and confidence and may further encourage their participation. Share the conversation Model the correct language and communication Being a good role model is important for all childrens acquisition of language and communication; however it is especially important for children with communication difficulties. If a child is saying a word or sentence wrong, do not place emphasis on the error, but repeat the word or sentence back to them in its correct form. For example, if a child says me do paint, you could join in with the child and say, Im doing some painting too. Use Alternative and Augmentative Communication Methods For some children that have little or no verbal communication skills, using an alternative or augmentative communication method is essential to enable them to communicate their needs and preferences. Children with Autistic Spectrum Difficulties will often have little or no speech. They will usually be able to understand communication, but will need alternative communication methods to enable them to communicate their wishes. Supporting children who speak English as an additional language There are more and more children entering childcare settings who speak English as an additional language. Most of these children will have developed speech, language and communication skills in their home language and will need support from practitioners to develop their skills in English. It is important for practitioners to recognise childrens home languages as important because: The child will feel valued and respected. The home language is important for family relationships and connections. Some members of a childs family, may not speak any English, therefore a child will still need to speak their home language for vital communications in the home.

Comparison of Hobbes and Al-Farabi

Reading Response 4 Sarah Zou Sep. 23. 2012 LBST 1B11 Comparison of Hobbes and Al-Farabi Human nature was one of the most controversial topics now and then. In two of the world’s greatest philosophers’ essay, they discussed their own perception of human nature. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), England’s political philosopher, who discussed his view on the degeneration of human nature in his book, Leviathan, which depicted the natural state of humanity as nasty and brutish.His point of view came across many similarities as Al- Farabi (870- 950 CE) an Arab Scientist and philosopher during the Golden Age of Islam. With a group of philosopher, Al- Farabi created synthesis on Aristotelian thought and Muslin theology. His subject of interests varies from music to sociological and political issues. In his, On the Perfect State, he compared political state as a body, which the most important part of heart was the ruler. From both Hobbes and Al-Farabis’ perspective they b oth argued, in order to maintain a civil society, a form of ruling system was more than necessary.Hobbes suggested that the nature of men were equal, because everyone has different strengths that others may not posses. Al-Farabi supported this point by saying that human is not naturally perfect, they needed to be provided, and contribute to the needs of society with their strength in order to achieve perfection. And because of this equality, Hobbes stated, men needed to compete against each other or became enemies to achieve their goals. Therefore no one can be trusted because their interests might conflict and become enemies.So it was unclear that how powerful one must become to be always secured. However this theory contradicts with Al-Farabi’s statement of people in societies must co-operate and come together to supply each other. Another point Hobbes declared regarding human nature was: everyone desired to be valued, but when they were not, they damage others to get more value. Thus it was significant to sustain a form of constrain to prevent the destruction, and sustain justice in the society. Similar statement by Al-Farabi also supported Hobbes’ idea.When part of the system is out of order, the ruler or the heart of the system must remove the disorder. Consequently both essay emphasized: Even though a law system might limit certain people’s freedom, only when there was law, justice could be remained. Hobbes’ idea of peace means not only without conflict but a reliable structure to prevent conflict. By freeing men’s nature, there were no forms of government to restrain or assurance, so war appears. During a time of war, man’s security could only be coming from one’s own strength.There were neither society nor culture, only fear and danger of violent death in war. Human nature will do what they desire until they know of a law that will stop them. Only when there is law there is justice. Although Al-Farabiâ⠂¬â„¢s interpretation of a perfect society could agree to Hobbes’ law system, his idea on the qualities of a ruler differs from Hobbes’ perception of human nature. Al-Farabi described an ideal ruler had to be naturally born with leadership skills, and in the process of leading, decisions made the rulers were often relying heavily on their nature and virtue.However, Hobbes thought, virtue is not ability that inherited by man, or given by nature, with no exception to the rulers, because the rulers were human themselves, their desire were no different than others. Therefore, to maintain a civilized, justice and organized society could not only rely on the virtue of human nature, but also through a system of law to constrain some desires of people, even the leaders, to achieve an overall freedom and security for the majority.

Kite Runner Essay

â€Å"There is a way to be good again† (2). This is the line that rolls through Amir’s mind over and over throughout Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner. This is the story of a man’s struggle to find redemption. The author illustrates with the story of Amir that it is not possible to make wrongs completely right again because it’s too late to change past. In this novel Hosseini is telling us that redemption is obtainable, and by allowing us to see Amir’s thought process throughout the novel, Hosseini shows us that it guilt is the primary motivation for someone who seeks redemption. Hosseini also uses not only the main character, but other secondary characters to show how big of a part that guilt plays in the desire for redemption. In this novel, redemption is not when things are justified, because the wrong has been done and you can’t go back to the past and change things to make it right. Rather, as defined in a letter to Amir by an old family friend, Rahim Khan, redemption is when the guilt from something wrong leads to something good (302). Guilt is a strong incentive in a quest for redemption and it isn’t easy to shake. There is a way to be good again† Rahim Khan said to Amir in the beginning of the novel, insinuating that there was hope. That there was a way for Amir to have peace with himself and let go of his guilt. This phrase was something that echoed in Amir’s mind throughout the novel and would be a reminder that there was a way to be rid of the guilt that plagued him, a way to be good again. We can see how heavy this guilt is even at the beginning of the novel when we don’t even know the reason why he would be guilty. Amir begins his story by telling us â€Å"I became what I am today at the age of 12† 1). The first thing we notice is that he says â€Å"what I am today† rather than â€Å"who† and as we finish the first chapter it leaves us with the slightly bitter feeling that the narrator has dark past that he cannot shake, a past that has been hovering over his life. He gives us the idea that he is not happy with who he has become, and it was his wrong doing that made it that way. Hosseini shows that it is Amir’s immense guilt that drives him to want to make things right and to earn redemption. We learn about Amir’s guilt through his memorie s. It is caused by a lack of response at a time when his loyal servant and close friend Hassan is in trouble. Amir makes a conscious decision to hide in the distance and just watch, not because he was afraid. He sacrifices Hassan in order to earn his father’s attention and affection. This decision results in Hassan suffering though a traumatic experience and is the root of Amir’s lasting regret. At first, Amir does not seek to earn redemption. We know that he is ashamed at what he has done but he prefers to hide his guilt rather than confess and redeem himself right away. After the incident, Amir attempted to avoid Hassan at all costs. Even when Hassan approached him to see if he wanted to go for a walk, like they used to do frequently, Amir refused to go with him and told him to go away (88). He knew that he didn’t deserve his friends unwavering love and loyalty. This is just the beginnings of his guilt. We leave Amir’s childhood memories and return to the summer of 2001, where Amir and Baba, Amir’s father, have moved to America (191). Amir embraced this move as a chance to bury his memories and forget his past in hopes to remove his guilt. With Hassan on the other side of the world, Amir doesn’t have any problem avoiding him and yet many times his memories would still sneak up on him. Some of the littlest things would remind him of his friend, and bring back the shame of the wrong that he had done. When Amir first saw the Pacific Ocean he recalls a promise he made Hassan that one day they would walk and play along the beach (136). Even after ten years had gone by, he continued to attempt to bury his past, but we see that the guilt still doesn’t leave. When he discussed his story with Soraya, his future wife, she told him about the time she taught one of her families hired servants how to read. This conversation reminded him of how he used to take advantage of Hassan’s illiteracy (151). Also he remembered that on his wedding night he found himself wondering if Hassan had gotten married and to whom (171). Like these examples, Amir is unsuccessful in removing his guilt by trying to run from it but instead the past constantly came back to haunt him. There are many instances where we can see the guilt that still burdens Amir even later on in the story. More than twenty-five years later, after Amir learns about the death of Hassan, he can’t help but wonder if Hassan would have still been alive if he hadn’t driven Hassan’s family out of his house when they where children. Rahim Khan called Amir back to Pakistan and told him that there was indeed â€Å"a way to be good again† (192). He gives Amir the opportunity to redeem himself by asking him to save Hassan’s son, Sohrab. Amir refuses at first and attempts to come up with excuses to be able to turn Rahim down without adding to his guilt. To convince himself that he wasn’t obligated to save Sohrab. He told himself that he had to be back home with his family and his job, but again the line that Rahim said played through Amir’s head. â€Å"There’s a way to be good again. † Amir knew that this was his last chance to earn his redemption and end his guilt (226). Amir had taken his guilt out on the very people that he had betrayed and then tried to run away from it all. He realizes this and asks himself â€Å"what had I ever done to right things† (303). As Rahim says â€Å"Redemption comes when guilt leads to good. You can may never fully get rid of the guilt or make right what has been wronged, but it is this guilt that motivates you to try. We see in his thought process just how motivated he is by guilt. As much as he doesn’t want to help Sohrab, he is drawn by the need for redemption, and the need to remove his guilt. This line running through his head over and over again shows just how much that guilt has driven him to yearn for things to be right. We don’t get to see Amir reach his point of redemption and we don’t get to watch him be completely relieved of his heavy laden of guilt. However the ending does leave us hopeful. Although nothing has been made right it was the beginning and leaves us with hope and the assurance that Amir is on his way to finding his redemption. Amir describes Sohrab’s lopsided smile at him being like the first snowflake melting in the spring, the first bit of good that had come out of his quest (371). Amir is not the only one who is haunted by his past in this novel. We can also see how guilt drives some of the other characters to find their redemption. This is a huge secret and we learn from Rahim Khan that Baba, for fear of being shamed, had hid the fact that Amir’s lifelong friend was actually his half-brother (223). Rahim tells Amir in a letter that the guilt that Baba carried from, keeping this secret was why he cared so much about the poor, built an orphanage and gave to whoever needed money (302). Even after Baba had done so much good, his past still had haunted him. One example of this was at Amir’s graduation, Baba wished Hassan could have been there too since he was like one of the family (133). Unlike Amir who ran from his chances for redemption, Baba took advantage and made right what was wrong. Rahim Khan also carried this secret with Baba, and this was something that he too sought redemption from. In the same letter, he asked Amir for his forgiveness. Even when Amir was a child Rahim treated him well and was sympathetic to his needs and his lack of self respect. Another secondary character who was searching for redemption in this novel was Amir’s wife Soraya. Before they get married confesses to him about the time she ran away with someone as a teenager and clears up her past which had also haunted her (164). Even after she confessed to Amir, people still talked down about her because of her past (178). Amir, like Baba, Rahim Khan and Soraya, had sinned by what he had done, or rather what he didn’t do. This caused guilt which he attempted to hide, but the memories and the past continued to haunt him, nag at him, and remind him of the person who had loved him so much. The person he had turned around and betrayed in their time of need. This guilt of betrayal weighs on Amir’s character throughout the story, and pushes him to seek out redemption. He longs to â€Å"be good again† and get rid of the guilt that he has carried since he was just twelve years old.