Organizational Culture Management Theories †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organizational Culture Management Theories? Answer: Introduction Ursula Burns was the Ex-Chairwoman of Xerox Corporations since 2010 and was ex-CEO from 2009 to 2016. She was the first African-American woman who headed Fortune 500 Company. She succeeded Anne Mulcahy and became the 22nd most powerful woman in the world as rated by Forbes. She led a workforce of more than 140,000 employees who served clients over 160 companies. She exhibited missionary leadership style where she encouraged her employees to give their best and reflected optimistic personality. Therefore, the following report involves the exploration of the chosen leader, Ursula Marketing, leadership style and theories, organizational culture and change management theories. Ursula Burns: Leadership style Ursula Burns started her career at Xerox in 1980 when she joined as summer intern and joined the company permanently in 1981. In January 1990, she made an unexpected turn and became senior executive. Later in June, she became the executive assistant to chairperson and finally chief executive. In 2009, she became the CEO and continued until May 2010. She got married to Lloyd Bean residing at Manhattan (Humphrey 2013). Gone are those days of autocratic dictation and Ursula Burns is the prime example. Her recruitment as CEO marked the major milestones. She became the first African-American woman, CEO of an esteemed organization and secondly, she became the first woman to succeed another woman at the top position of such a large size company. Her leadership trait exhibited authenticity and self-awareness. Her positive personality resonated with her employees and the community. She is humble, open and grounded. She has profound knowledge about technology along with sharp humour, frankness and willingness to take challenges. She is an example of such kind of leaders who is not egocentric and self-serving, rather assertive in helping the employees (Byrnes and Crockett 2009). The missionary leadership style of Ursula is aimed at aspiring to succeed and significance. She believed that it is important to build something original, meaningful rather than winning and beating others in the competition. It is about making an impact and difference rather than making money. Her leadership style depicts that human values are important driving success rather than economic value. Therefore, she is different from the classic entrepreneurs and take risks, although, it is short-term and makes less impact than expected. This set her apart from the other leaders who just run the companies, but she aims to run the company to a cause. Helping others and human values are the things that matter in this leadership style. She prioritizes the building of relationships rather than making money and business. She reflected on her own values, morals and priorities in life (Shambora 2009). The power of leadership that she possess is built upon values, honesty and being straightforward. She has the power of culture that helped her to succeed in her business. The good times are strengthened, diversified teamwork and changing the bad times became the culture itself in the organization. This is the reason missionary style helped her to know the employees and motivate them to know what they are. This power of vision helped her to get gain the highest success and exceed forward. When they shared a common goal, it recognized the power of people and helped them serve customers better making them the centre to everything. She understood the value of leadership being honest, consistent and forceful (Gilbert, Eyring and Foster 2012). Ursula Burns followed unique leadership traits that made her a successful leader as she listens to her employees, authentic, measure goals for better outcomes in making decisions and help employees to enjoy their job so that they can have most success. Reddins 3-D Theory (Missionary) This theory was developed through the modification of Blake and Monton Managerial Grid Theory. It explains that in missionary leadership style, the individual enjoys a friendly relationship with others in the organization. This leadership style was adopted by Ursula Burns where she valued her employees and involved them in the decision making process. According to this theory, the missionary style is unique that believes in harmony and value humanity. It is a supportive and an effective approach where it emphasizes on promoting positive climate and congeniality at the workplaces. The missionary style leaders try to keep their employees happy and provide supportive behaviour rather than defensive counterpart (Bonilla-Rodriguez 2016). From the Reddins 3-D theory of management, missionary leadership style is the empowerment of others working in harmony. The goal of this type of leadership is to become critical thinkers who empower staffs and involve them in the decision-making process. The leader creates a collective purpose and become active members in the organization. Committed and creative staffs are the most important asset as compared to the development brought by an administrator (Limbare 2012). With the same vision, Ursula Burns brought the highly motivated employees together, each with a common vision and moulded them into a team with single vision. This task is challenging, yet rewarding where all the employees are set out to work impossible against odds and a team is formed that have sense of fulfilment and successful. She promoted vision, directed people, promoted good working condition and work together to pursue the companys wishes and goals (Pawar 2014). Criticism of missionary leadership style However, this missionary leadership style is less effective than other leadership style. Audit are charismatic leaders who are proven activators, however they lack follow-through in terms of execution. These leaders might miss on the practical and finer technical details as they focus on human relationships and values. They are also criticised as self-promoting leaders, however, it has its own strengths. They inspire their followers to act and head towards the goals. The key phrase for these leaders is working together that helps them to connect together and work in achieving goals (Pea-Acua 2017). This is the reason Ursula Burns is highly appealing to her followers and her leadership style help to forge lasting relationships in business. As these leaders respect human values, they are easily approachable and help to build strong relationships with the followers. Transformational leadership theory Missionary leadership style aligns with the transformational leadership where the leaders and their followers work together to achieve the highest level of motivation and morality. They are driven by commitment to the cause and convictions. The transformational leaders set clear goals and have high expectations from the employees and organization. Ursula Burns and her ideas went into process that helped her to become a transformational leader by creating a clear vision that is inspiring and far-sighted (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez 2012). She motivated her people to deliver the vision by building trustworthy and strong relationships. This leadership theory explains that the leaders create a high performing workforce and inspire people to work beyond the requirements of the task. The transformational leaders have a charismatic appeal who works with people to change the way an organization works (Sadeghi and Pihie 2012). There is a consistent mission, vision, and leader guide follower by giving them a sense of challenge and meaning. They are creative and innovative in nature that encourage ideas from people and focus on problems rather than on the blaming part. This made her a transformational leader where she motivated her employees and pulled the organization from brink of failure. Followers and Organizational change To follow the missionary leadership style was not easy for Mrs Burns. They have to face resistance and challenges in building an effective team of motivated employees. When she joined as the CEO of Xerox Corporations, she put all her leadership advice into test. She did not try to put an end to all the problems, rather tried to find solutions. She started building her teams and set a clear picture of the hurdles that Xerox is experiencing from outside. There was a lot of change witnessed at the Company and she tried to build a great and diverse team whom she can trust, listen and get honest critic on which she could rely on. She believed in trusting and listening to her team that she considered is the key to success and helped her become an effective leader (Cornileus 2013). Employees at Xerox greeted her with open heart as she created a philosophy on how to grab opportunity and take individual responsibilities. She made people work, think and talk together so that they can be brough t into discussion and propose a clear vision. She made her followers believe that an insider (employee) can bring the change rather than an outsider and that brought incomparable institutional knowledge and deep well of trust and respect in the organization (Lee et al. 2014). Every organization has a culture depending on its diversity and strength influencing behaviour and attitude of the organization. To change something, resistance and barriers are encountered at every step. Organizational culture is defined as the system of meaning that are shared by the employees distinguishing one from the other organizations. When she joined as CEO, she brought about two changes in the organization by taking initiatives in two directions: getting Xerox into the domain of information technology and in 2011, she introduced the Xerox Cloud that includes business process management and mobile printing. She also took initiative for the cultural change management from terminal niceness to embracing frankness and risk-taking (nytimes.com 2017). The old Xerox culture of terminal niceness offers counter production to growth and innovation. She maintained a delicate balance between frankness and civility that requires humility. This made a change at Xerox where employees were open, honest and decisive. She focused on innovation and inculcated the risk-taking behaviour in her employees. The decisions taken within the organization is people and team oriented so that the outcomes have positive effects on the people. She believed that where one is, is not the person one is. One has to perform his or her own responsibilities and that she tried to make the Xerox culture. Ursula had to face many challenges from the competitors like digital imaging and so the company had to focus on the information technology and client services business. She was able to establish this transition as there was diversity of ranks and opinions within the diversified workforce in the organization. Ursulas leadership style greatly motivated her employees and that led to the productivity at Xerox and sustainable business. The main leadership trait of Ursula is that she instilled self-motivation and transformed the employees towards the accomplishment of organizational goals (businesstoday.in 2017). Change management Ursula Burns followed the theory of being nice to neighbours that means to run a successful business; one has to maintain good relations on a global basis. This led to the sustainability and became a part of customer value proposition as well as the associated working communities. The diverse workforce along with active, passionate, dedicated and engaged workforce helped to manage the change that was initiated in the organization. She made a diversified and leading workforce that worked to sustain the change and maintain position at the Fortune 500. The repositioning and change brought in the organization was strong and fast enough being sustained and confirmed (Cuthbertson, Furseth and Ezell 2015). It offered a brand new range of opportunities and growth for the employees and organization as a whole. The diversification and community engagement helped the company to manage and sustain change in the organization. This diversity was the key success for Xerox that helped the company to achieve its societal and financial goals. Xerox is more than a photocopying company now. Employees at Xerox have a sense of importance in the decision-making that led to a profitable, sustainable and successful business (Ndubuizu and Britton 2016). Conclusion Missionary leadership style of Ursula operated in a way where the employees received positive motivation for performing well. Her leadership style worked well as she possess personality trait to bring out the best in her employees. She exhibited missionary leadership style where she encouraged her employees to give their best and reflected optimistic personality. 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